This article by points hacks sums up the Australia lounge nicely:
[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.pointhacks.com.au/news/qatar-airways-uses-air-nz-lounges-in-australia/[/URL]
Basically in each airport Qatar flies to they have a default lounge, in Australia this is the following
BNE - Air NZ Lounge
SYD - Air NZ Lounge
MEL - Marhaba Lounge
ADL - Virgin Lounge
PER - Air NZ Lounge
In Australia these are all 3rd party lounges and as a result passengers receive an invitation at check in.
Obviously the normal oneworld policies apply as Qatar is a oneworld airline, if there also happens to be a lounge operated by a oneworld carrier (for example Qantas) then they allow oneworld first/business/status holders in to their lounges with no special invitation required.
In Sydney this means access looks something like this:
| Qantas First Lounge | Qantas Business Lounge | Air NZ Lounge (default lounge) |
Qatar First Class | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) +1 guest | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) +1 guest | Yes (access allowed due to Qatar 3rd party contract) +1 guest |
Qatar Business Class | No | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) no guests | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) no guests |
Oneworld Emerald | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) +1 guest | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) +1 guest | Yes (access allowed due to Qatar 3rd party contract) +1 guest |
Oneworld Sahppire | No | Yes (access allowed under oneworld poicies) +1 guest | Yes (access allowed due to Qatar 3rd party contract) +1 guest |
Virgin Australia Platinum | No - oneworld rules don't apply | No - oneworld rules don't apply | Yes (access allowed due to Qatar 3rd party contract) +1 guest |
Virgin Australia Gold | No - oneworld rules don't apply | No - oneworld rules don't apply | Yes (access allowed due to Qatar 3rd party contract) +1 guest |
Things get a bit more confusing in other places like Los Angeles, because Qatar's default lounge a TBIT is actually the oneworld business class lounge (which just so happens to be operated by Qantas), eligible passengers (which includes VA Gold/Plat) would receive an invitation to the oneworld lounge.