A bit OT but relevant to the mining tax discussion. The mining tax came from a good idea that a country should benefit from the resources gouged out of it by resale price transferring multinationals. It was just very poorly planned and badly implemented and politicians lost their nerve.
Interesting isn't it that Bolivia which produces some estimated 5,400,000 tonnes of Lithium a year has mandated that the mineral must be value added in Bolivia and here in Australia we ship iron and coal offshore as fast as possible for as low as possible price with minimum returns to the country.
Pleased to have a discussion where we can be nicer to each other (include myself of course
).
Rio, BHP and Fortescue are all Australian domiciled, registered and operated in Australia, so I don't think there was much resale price transferring going on (the DLCs first have to satisfy their country of residence obligations, before the cash gets shifted within the DLC structure). Also, prices are set by global markets. They aren't like IT/computer companies who get themselves domiciled in Bahamas or Ireland and carry on from there.
Not only do they pay the same taxes as everyone else, but they also pay state govt royalties
on top. Not as if they are getting a cheap ride.
The reason some mining companies get labelled with an apparent low tax rate is because of their eye-watering investment and capital outlays; they get the same deductions as you and me (in principle) only on a massive scale. These deductions are front end loaded (gotta borrow, then build the mine and plant over 5 years or so before you sell anything, then you have all those accumulated losses). What the punter today doesn't see is the 20-30 year tail of juicy taxed income from that investment.
Resources are owned by the Crown; the mining companies get licences to operate and pay taxes, plus, as I mentioned, royalties, on top of taxes, unlike most other companies in Australia. Unlike virtually every other industry (except maybe pharmaceuticals), the investment and decision making horizons of mining companies extend to decades. Sure, countries can change the tax rules; its when this happens suddenly and keeps changing (both like the Rudd/Swan/Gillard mining tax) that mining companies start looking for somewhere stable to invest their multi billions.
Whilst many people have disdain for the 'gouging' enterprises of mining companies, they are rather fond of the multi billions in taxes they pay - even without super profit taxes.(and its the word 'profit', and its implications that the Labor govt couldn't grasp)
I don't think your example re Bolivia is a good one. Australia is a diversified, open economy (with high input costs); anyone who wants it regulated as to what you can do with the gold, lithium or the potatoes you grow is nuts, IMHO. "You have to make steel from all the iron ore you mine here." - that won't work well, I promise you. There was a reason why the well established steel industry in Australia is now virtually extinct.
Bolivia on the other hand is a relatively small, less diversified economy and it happens to have large resources of salt based lithium. Lithium is a 'specialty metal' which only occurs economically in relatively few places around the world. Bolivia can afford to order value-adding, and good luck to them. If other equivalent resources of lithium can not be found elsewhere, they might get a win. But companies will be actively looking elsewhere, and if it is found elsewhere economically (and the hurdle just got lower!!), Bolivia won't get its lithium battery industry and investors will wonder if its worth looking for anything else there.
When there was a massive nickel deposit found in Labrador (Voisey's Bay), the provincial government insisted on 'value add' (building a smelter). This was crazy, as the miners had excess smelter capacity elsewhere - the billions to build and operate a new smelter was just doubling up; they refused, and the nickel stayed in the ground for a decade longer (IIRC) than it should have. The province, and the jobs for First Nations peoples etc there, were the big losers.
There are third world countries that are magnets for mining investment and are thriving (relative to their peers) because of it - Ghana, Burkina Faso, Chile, Mali, Laos (to a degree). The thing they have in common is a well structured mining tax regime. Mostly its all worked out up front and gets passed as an act of parliament. Everyone is locked in, and usually supervised by NGOs and the World Bank. You can argue about rates etc, but the point is that the landscape is obvious and relatively fixed - so companies invest and jobs, taxes and royalties result.
Apologies for the long post (again), but hopefully, if it hasn't convinced you about the mining tax of the former government, perhaps you might understand better what drives mining companies' investment. Chaos ain't in it.