Give the staff at even the lowest levels the authority to make basic decisions which enhance the customer experience.
There needs to be a complete cultural reset where the emphasis changes from assigning blame and passing the buck to fixing the problem and taking responsibility.
The staff appear to have had trained out of them the ability to be empathic to customers and situations which could be handled well seem frequently to be handled badly resulting in angst all round.
Eg customer experiences an airline caused delay or inconvenience. Instead of offering to see how/if they can fix it, front line staff are routinely required to fob them off to someone else. This just makes people who are already antsy get cranky which may come across as rude and then the CSA in turn gets cranky and then, well, computers says no.
And while they are at it, get rid of the useless and poorly trained overseas call centres.