Q. Can you tell us a little about the “Best After” date on Coopers bottles – something that delights those drinkers interested enough to notice. When was it introduced? Does that date indicate the time all of the yeast in the bottle should have consumed all the sugar? Do you add a little bit of sugar and yeast to the beer just before you bottle it? How long does it take for this bottle fermentation to occur? Do Coopers beers not go “off” like other beers do (and hence not need a ‘best before’?) Did this bottle fermentation used to occur in storage prior to bottling or has it always been a feature of Coopers beers? A. The main reason any beer deteriorates is oxidisation. Pasteurised beers such as lagers begin to deteriorate immediately after bottling and are best drunk fresh. Naturally conditioned ales, such as Coopers, are not pasteurised and contain live yeast that mops up dissolved oxygen. As a result, these naturally conditioned ales age and have a far longer shelf life than lagers.
The “Best After” date is a product of this difference and follows the introduction of “Best Before” dates for all food products in Australia in December 2001.
Ahead of these regulations, Australia’s brewers met to agree on the shelf life for beer.
For pasteurised beer, this shelf life was determined to be nine months. However, because Coopers ales contain “live” yeast and age slowly, they was exempted from the need to carry a “Best Before” date.
I decided that Coopers should carry a “best after” date for its ales instead, partly to highlight the difference between its ales and lagers, and, as you point out, to create a point of interest.
This date indicates when the ale has completed its secondary fermentation within the bottle, although Coopers stores its beers in its warehouse until this date has been reached before distribution.
As you suggested, secondary fermentation involves the addition of a little sugar and yeast to the ale before bottling. The sugar is converted by the yeast into carbon dioxide, which produces the “head”, and a little extra alcohol. It is the same process used in the production of good quality sparkling wines, such as champagnes.