Happy 3000th postday!
I've heard it said many times, that loyalty schemes make businesses good money. ie, they are profitable. I don't understand the dynamics of this, but I do wonder why, if loyalty schemes are so profitable, airlines take to them with the hedge clippers, happily wearing the wrath of the members, which risks their profitability. Is it because they're trying to make more money, or because they believe members are so blinkered they'll just accept it, or because they believe members have nowhere else to go?
You know I was at Cathay City last week explaining this very dynamic to someone in the biz!! :shock:
Banks make up almost all of the revenue for frequent flyer programs, and here's how it works:
You spend money on your credit card and the card issuing bank (your bank), and the merchant bank (whoever runs the terminal) split the bulk of the merchant fee and bank it as revenue. Your bank receives a % of the fee (essentially your bank is making $$ each time you make a purchase). With the new revenue your bank has made from your transaction, they might decide to give a portion of this back to you - as points. So you made your bank, say 50 cents in transaction fees and they give you back (as an example), 10 cents in points. The bank will buy points from the airline loyalty program and deposit them in your frequent flyer account. So the customer, to the airline, is really the bank. You're simple a proxy for the transaction to take place.
Here's an excellent video explaining it:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i50YVaD-tk
As for loyalty programs coughizing them... it's done entirely to generate cash. Adding perceived benefits into the program (part of FFP engineering), is more complicated as the airline gets involved.
Here're the two primary ways they make $ by devaluing the program.
1) Devalue the points, which lets the program
instantly bank the difference between the old and new marginal values.
Easy to understand, right?
Fundamentally there are two control mechanisms for loyalty programs. Loyalty programs control the attributable revenue on each new point/mile created into existence inside the program. On the other side - control over the cost of redemptions, which essentially is a margin between what was made in revenue on those points and what it's costing them for the redemption.
2) Decrease the number of points you earn from partner/alliance flying.
A bit trickier - each time your FF# is on a non-host airline booking (eg: your QF FF# is on a CX flight number), Cathay will pay Qantas a nominal amount (based on the fare class). Now, Qantas at this point has the option to give you anything they want for this flight. Let's say Qantas make $5 from your cheap N class fare on CX. QF may have in their terms that N class fares 'won't earn any Qantas points'. This doesn't mean QF makes no $$ from your flight - just that QF doesn't want to give you any points for it. This is free money for the airline program.
I could dive deeper into each aspect as it's more complex but this should give you a general understanding of the dynamics in play.