Much of the intelligence comes down to structuring data they already have in a way which can be used on the backend. Of course, this is useless until the database is segmented and this includes non-member segmentation which a lot of large companies struggle with because of the vast volumes of unstructured data. Also, this task is highly specialised as it requires a commercial head to understand which pieces of data are important and how they can be linked into the greater vision for the airline/ffp. Expedia does hotel sales very well and most of their platform is machine learned. Expedia (like all big OTAs) have product specialists whose sole job it is to optimize the heck out of 1 single web page. This includes granular details such as which shade of green works best on the "Find Now" button.
While there are many more factors which contribute towards best practise of utilizing data, and I can't possibly list them all here - this may satisfy some of your Orwellian senses for now:
http://bit.ly/2bbl5oj