Lets have a look this and see what we can come up with
example 1.
as you are making your own way into MEL for the second time on a surface segment I can't see why this would not be allowed, by definition 'Stopover' in relation to:
(b) for all other Itineraries, including those containing a domestic to international connecting flight, means when a passenger arrives at an intermediate point and is not scheduled to depart within 24 hours of arrival;
since you didn't arrive on a flight, this should not apply
SYD-MEL will be a surface segment and will count towards you total segments of 16 and distance of 35000miles
no problem finishing in AMS
example 2.
i don't see a problem again same as before
example 3 (suggestion)
instead of making MEL stop 2 maybe transit through BNE and stop in MEL on the way back
this will save on costs of surface segments too.
MXP-LHR-HKG (stop 1) -BNE (cx157)- AKL (stop 2)
AKL-MEL (stop 3)
MEL-SYD-SCL (stop 4)
SCL-LIM (stop 5)
LIM-MAD-AMS
also if you want to spend some time in SYD you could do the above but just make MEL-SYD as a surface segment, then depart from SYD when your ready to continue on to SCL, this won't affect the stop count or segment count, or distance.
i have not checked any flights for you though so not sure if the routing is available just giving a suggestion
Radio8tive, however much I like your analysis because it confirms my train of thought, I can't escape the fact that others think that there are two stopovers in MEL, making the itinerary invalid.
I have looked at the tickets for my previous OWA. I first booked:
LIS-xLHR-JNB (stop 1) -xSYD-MEL (stop 2).
Some months later I added: MEL-xHKG-xLHR-FRA (end)
Then I added a side-trip to SIN in the middle and at the same time the departure for the final trip was changed to BNE, on the same date:
LIS-xLHR-JNB (stop 1) -xSYD-MEL (stop 2)
MEL-SIN (stop 3) - SYD (stop 4)
(surface sector SYD-BNE)
BNE-xHKG-xLHR-FRA (end)
I can't exactly remember how this eventuated, but the only reason I can think of for letting go of the MEL-HKG flight would be that I was not allowed to fly out of MEL again. I do remember that SYD-HKG was not available and I settled for BNE-HKG.
If this is correct, should we phrase the surface sector rule as follows?
A Surface Sector counts as one Stopover and no further Stopovers are allowed in its arrival and departure cities.
About finishing the itinerary in a different city from its origin, I agree. Some of the itineraries discussed many pages back in this thread show to just add the miles back to the origin, there is no extra (surface) segment or stopover, it is The End.