From your description it seems like something was really concerning them or else they would have continued to dump fuel for a while longer.
I don't think they dumped at all. But, I also don't think they were concerned about something. They just chose not to.
Will be interesting to see what you can deduce from the manual.
Looking at FR24 and you can see that they taxied back to the gate. That means that the green hydraulics were functioning, as that gives nose gear steering. There is an electric actuator as backup, but that's really just to get you off the runway, and will overheat if you try to taxi normally with it. The approach speed is high, but commensurate with the weight. So that tells me they didn't have any configuration issues (which also makes sense if they'd lost the yellow system, but green is still normal).
I actually see three possible outcomes for the crew with this failure on departure. The procedures do not place any priority on it, so it's not what I would consider an emergency.
1. Continue to destination. Why not? You haven't lost anything that you need in flight, and a landing with one system out will actually be easier at destination than the departure point. It would become an issue if you had to divert later in the flight, but that's not really a consideration at this time.
2. Dump all the fuel that you can (which leaves you with about 80 tonnes) and land. Approach numbers much more normal, and far less likelihood of tyre issues. If I
had to return, this would be my choice.
3. Don't dump any fuel, and return. You've just saved about 100 tonnes of fuel, which would cost something in the order of $200k. Tyre issues probable.
Personally, in the absence of any other issues (which we don't have any idea about), I'd go with #1. I can't see anything in the books that precludes this choice, but my books are also well out of date.
Would a take off for a SIN-LHR flight be usually done about right on the maximum take off weight?
There would be a margin of somewhere between about 15 and 25 tonnes. So heavy, but not max.