No, if you initiate a chargeback by request to your bank (card issuer) they will determine if it has a valid reason. You may fail at this point if the service supply was in the future. If you get past that, then the issuer sends the chargeback to the merchant acquirer, and receives the funds at that point in time.
The merchant acquirer debits the merchant (or wears it if the merchant has no money), and sends it to the merchant who can dispute the chargeback. If no dispute is made, then the chargeback stands, and you end up with your money back.