You need to appreciate that those billions are predominantly only "paper losses", JohnK. In most cases the shares will regain their value over a variable period of time so anyone who does not sell when the price falls will recover the value in time. If there are a million shares for company ABC in the market and 10,000 of them change hands on a particular day at an average price $1 less than they closed the day before then the actual losses for all practical purposes are $10,000 but if you extrapolate that to say that the value of company ABC dropped by $1,000,000 today (1M shares x $1) you can see how those "billions wiped off the share market" can give a distorted view of what has occurred.
News Corp and Fairfax wouldn't sell as many papers if they reported that there were $10,000 of losses today! Nearly everything the media puts out has an agenda which frequently has little to do with accuracy or the whole truth.
As the saying goes; "Up to a point Lord Copper!"
Every day in every country in the world there are people who have finished working and are retiring. It is something like say 1 million people a week day. For those 1 million people only around 300,000 have some kind of work-related retirement funds (pension, 401K, super, personal benefits etc). So for them it is like they have bet everything on what they hoped was the winner of the Melbourne Cup (just as predictable).
Takes some great examples. Someone who retired on 30 Sept 1987 vs 31 October 1987 - in an Australian super fund. For the median fund in Australia - the 31 October retirees got 30% less (if they cashed out as most were doing in the late 80s and going into cash/bonds around 10-12%).
Fast forward to today and with the 'greed factor' for the average person significantly higher coupled with the amount of leverage through hedge funds, investment banks, trading banks and countries like Greece, Japan
(YES Japan but too big to fail so nobody really in the know in finance ever mentions it - cue Basil Fawlty, "Don't mention the war"), Spain, Italy as well as another 3 European countries, 4 South American - you get the picture.
Search "Australian personal debt leverage" to get an idea of how exposed the typical Australian is.
The number of people who have margin loans for shares is huge. So a shift of a few percent in a company's price can be fatal. It is just that with property the bank's can choose whether or not to act on the leverage impact. There was the story of a Melb Financial Planner who had leveraged into 5 regional mining residential properties close to the peak. Four in one city and one in a neighbouring city. Prices down 30-40% subsequently and she's underwater in the 6 figures but has to keep paying off the loans otherwise she will be bankrupt and can't work as a Financial Planner anymore.
The banks that loaned the money know this but they don't want to issue default as then they have to take the hit to their balance sheet and write down the loan as a negative equity instrument. Those loans and the thousands of similar ones btw. Funnily enough none of the banks are doing this.
With the shares though there is no choice as the negative equity is required to be made good with cash or other acceptable securities. So if you don't front up with the cash or security the shares get sold with no say from you.
The dominoes can start to topple.
Why Australian shares fell?
BAD FOR WORLD GROWTH = terrible for Australia.
EU is China's largest export market, China is Australia's largest export market...
And just happened to come a few days after Aust trade account DEFICIT (despite once in a lifetime mining boom and volumes exported being multiples of 5 years ago) came in at around $3 to 4bn a month for the last three months of releases.
The image shows the total quarterly current account which includes the trade deficit plus
Add in the interest on Australia's foreign debt, deduct what we earn from tourists and hey presto, we're a Banana republic.'
So despite the biggest export boom in Australia's history
we did NOT EARN ENOUGH TO PAY OFF ONE DOLLAR OF FOREIGN DEBT.
Surely not?
Well, we're not as far down the road as some but what good the Fed Govt had done many years back has been totally unwound, personal and corporate debt is looking bad.
And this is the case without Australia having had a recession since 1990. Imagine what things would look like once the next recession occurs.
Also while Australia has been selling off the farm, the mines, the office buildings, warehouses and houses to overseas.
Some fun facts
Australia can be self-sufficient in every known element so far discovered - they all exist within our borders. While we don't have as much oil we have more than enough gas.
So much so we signed 30 year supply contracts with Japan and China (with NO escalation clauses) at prices below that it was being sold in Australia at major wholesale rates at the time. But the corporate finance gurus found a positive IRR based on cost of production + 12% so it was all good. Remember the photo ops with Howard? That's how long ago and how cheap the gas was - and that's partly why domestic gas is getting so expensive but only partly.
Similar with the takeover of MIM and all its Australian assets in the early 2000s by Xstrata (How much tax have they been paying...). Local fund managers got a one month performance boost and Australia lost an estimated $31bn in value subsequently (detailed post-mortem study done 5 yrs later).
theage.com.au - The Age And he was not bullish on China/Commodities at the time but having done the numbers he knew a bad deal.
He also campaigned against the signing of the 30 yr gas contracts.
So...
Leverage and dominoes combine to make life more difficult for the people living on your street.
Just as people said what happened to Bear Stearns would not impact the price of a house in Oregon - the leverage & dominoes came into play and you could buy a 5 yr old 3brm brick & tile house with 3 car garage on 812 sqm of land in a good school district, bottom decile crime zone - for $32,000 in 2009. Last sold for $190,000 in 2006.
OR look at Hurricane Katrina - increased the price of school shoes in Australia by 15% within 6 weeks (due to hit on US Gulf oil & gas production saw oil & gas prices surge putting up cost of feedstock for plastic soled shoes which was passed on almost instantly in Australia plus a margin of course!)